Natural History Photographs


Ecological interactions


among fungi
Commensalistic fungi Parasitic fungi


among plants
Orobanche purpurea Pedicularis spec.
Holoparasitic plants Hemiparasitic plants


among animals
Andrenosoma atrum Lacerta agilis Anoplius viaticus-Pisaura mirabilis
Predators Parasites Parasitoids
Taxigramma elegantula Scarabaeus spec. Lucillia spec.
Kleptoparasites Coprophages Necrophages




among animals and plants
Drosera rotundifolia Phlogophora meticulosa Cynips divisa
Carnivorous plants Herbivory Galls
Aulagromyza cornigera Sphex flavipennis Anurophorus laricis
Mines Pollination Miscellaneous




among fungi and plants
Monotropa hypopitys Silene dioica - silenes-dioicae Amanita muscaria
Mycoheterotrophs Parasitic fungi Mycorrhiza




among fungi and animals
Phallus impudicus
Animal-assisted dispersal Entomophagous fungi Miscellaneous




Symbioses of fungi, algae and bacteria
cyanobacterial symbionts algal symbionts
tripartite symbioses: algal and cyanobacterial symbionts